On November 15th, the European Union (EU) and its Member States officially signed the "Samoa Agreement," a partnership accord with the African, Caribbean, and Pacific States (OACPS). This comprehensive legal framework, solidified at the 46th session of the ACP-EU Council of Ministers preceding the official ceremony in Samoa, represents a pivotal moment, replacing the Cotonou Agreement. The Samoa Agreement addresses crucial issues such as sustainable development, economic growth, human rights, and peace and security, aiming to strengthen the collective capacity of the EU and OACPS to address global challenges, including climate change, ocean governance, migration, health, and overall peace and security over the next two decades.

For historical context, the ACP-EU partnership stands as one of the oldest and most extensive frameworks for cooperation between the EU and third countries. The previous cornerstone of this collaboration, the Cotonou Agreement, was established in 2000. Following its expiration, negotiations for the post-Cotonou era commenced in September 2018, spearheaded by Commissioner Neven Mimica during the United Nations General Assembly in New York. The chief negotiators reached an initial agreement in April 2021.

Notably, the agreement incorporates a common foundation applicable to all Parties, supplemented by three regional protocols tailored to the unique needs of Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific. This forward-looking accord positions the EU and OACPS for a collaborative and impactful journey over the next two decades.